None of this is the "correct" way to farm, it is just a set of habits that made my own first spring less stressful. Take whichever parts are useful and ignore the rest.
Start with a small, clear patch
You do not need to clear your whole farm on day one. Pick a small area close to your farmhouse, clear out the stones, weeds and twigs, and treat that as your first real field. A smaller area is easier to water fully every day, and you can always expand it once you have more energy and better tools.
Plant a manageable number of crops
Early on it is tempting to plant every seed you own, but each crop needs watering every day, and that costs energy and time. Start with a modest number of parsnip or potato seeds, something you can comfortably water in one morning, and grow that number gradually as your farm and your energy pool grow.
Watering and energy
Watering crops costs energy, and running out of energy partway through the morning is a common early mistake. If you notice your energy bar getting low, it is completely fine to stop, water the rest tomorrow, or eat a cheap foraged item to top yourself back up. A slightly late watering is better than collapsing in a field.
Weather is doing some of the work for you
Check tomorrow's forecast on the television or the notice board before you plan your day. On a rainy day your crops water themselves, which frees up that morning's energy for mining, foraging or just visiting town instead.
You are allowed to go slowly
It is easy to feel like you are behind some invisible schedule, but the valley does not actually enforce one. Missing a day of watering, planting fewer crops than you planned, or simply exploring instead of farming will not ruin your save. The goal is a farm you enjoy running, not the fastest possible one.