Week 10 Session: Cross-system comparison
Four creatures filed twice, once under our own system and once under one of last week's two. 夔's two filings drop opposite halves of one line, 帝江 has a clause none of the three can hold, and 驺吾 is the one our system alone fails.
10 May 2027 · Phase 3, Take it apart and rebuild
The rule this week states
Putting one creature through two systems shows which of its features each system had to ignore, and the ignored features are where the two systems actually disagree.
What this week does#
Week 9 set two systems beside ours and stopped there: the Physiologus-descended bestiary, which files a creature by what it signifies, and the yōkai catalogue, whose unit is the encounter. This week files one creature under two systems at once and writes down what each filing left out.
Four creatures, four ways two filings fail to agree:
- Two drop lists that are complements — 夔, whose record splits down the middle, each system keeping the half the other discards.
- A clause no system here can hold — 帝江’s 是識歌舞.
- The creature only our system fails — 驺吾, which both of last week’s systems file without effort.
- A drop list whose entry is a date — 九尾狐, where the thing that needs recording is not a feature.
There is no fifth section ranking the three systems. Ranking requires a job named first, and that is done inside the four.
Example 1: two filings that drop opposite halves#
夔 (kuí) has one record, in 大荒東經.
Specimen
夔
Kui unipedatum binomial assigned by this course, not by the text
- Kind
- 獸, the word the record uses
- Form
- like an ox, grey-bodied, hornless, one-footed; its light is the sun and moon, its voice is thunder, and going in and out of water it brings wind and rain
- Habitat
- a mountain in the great wilds of the east
- Record
大荒東經Great Wilds, East
其上有獸,狀如牛,蒼身而無角,一足,出入水則必風雨,其光如日月,其聲如雷,其名曰夔。
On it there is a beast, shaped like an ox, grey-bodied and hornless, with one foot. Going in and out of the water it always brings wind and rain. Its light is like the sun and the moon, its voice like thunder. It is called 夔.
One foot, as 畢方 has one foot, with nothing else in common. The epithet repeats across genera, which is ordinary Linnaean practice and worth saying out loud once.
Quoted from 山海經 (the Classic of Mountains and Seas), 四庫全書本,郭璞注 — the Siku Quanshu text with 郭璞's (Guō Pú) commentary. Interlinear notes removed; the base text is otherwise unaltered.
File it by week 3’s method, parts and integers, and four cells come out of it: body ox, colour 蒼, horn none-stated, foot one. Everything else in the line is residue — its light is the sun and moon (其光如日月), its voice is thunder (其聲如雷), and going in and out of water it always brings wind and rain (出入水則必風雨). Three clauses, and more of the record by length than the four cells took.
Now file it by signification. The Physiologus asks what an animal means. A light that is the sun and moon, a voice that is thunder, and weather that follows the creature in and out of water make a complete entry. The ox body and the one foot are incidental to it: the shape a sign wears is the least of what a sign does.
Both filings work. Neither is short of material. Set the two drop lists side by side and they are complements — ours discards what theirs keeps, and nothing about 夔 is lost between the two.
That is not the good news it sounds like. Our card records a grey one-footed ox and says nothing about weather. Their entry records a weather sign and says nothing about feet. The two systems contradict each other nowhere, because they never make a statement about the same clause. What they disagree about is which half of the line is the creature, and neither file records that there was another half.
A drop list is not a defect report
Every system drops something. A list of what one dropped is a description of its scope, not a complaint about its quality, and a system that dropped nothing would be the record retyped.
The list is worth writing because two of them can be compared. One drop list on its own says only what you already chose in week 1.
Example 2: the clause no system here can hold#
帝江 (dìjiāng) was week 3’s best case. Six feet, four wings: the parts vocabulary survived the body least likely to fit it.
Specimen
帝江
Dijiang anommatum binomial assigned by this course, not by the text
- Kind
- 神, the word the record uses
- Form
- like a yellow sack, red as cinnabar fire, six feet and four wings, a blur with no face
- Habitat
- 天山, on the third western route
- Record
西山經 · 西次三經 · 天山Western Mountains · third western section · the Heaven Mountain
有神焉,其狀如黃囊,赤如丹火,六足四翼,渾敦無面目,是識歌舞,實為帝江也。
There is a god there, shaped like a yellow sack, red as cinnabar fire, with six feet and four wings, a shapeless blur with no face. It knows song and dance. This is 帝江.
The limit case for a grammar of parts. Every other composite is built from recognisable animals; this one is built from none, and it still knows how to dance.
Quoted from 山海經 (the Classic of Mountains and Seas), 四庫全書本,郭璞注 — the Siku Quanshu text with 郭璞's (Guō Pú) commentary. Interlinear notes removed; the base text is otherwise unaltered.
One clause was residue then and is residue still. 是識歌舞 — it knows song and dance. Try it in each of the three files:
- Ours. Not a part, not a count, not a place. Week 3 sent it to residue, and residue is a holding area rather than a field.
- Signification. The Physiologus needs a meaning, and a meaning is supplied by a tradition of reading the animal. No tradition supplies one for a faceless sack that dances. The entry cannot be written.
- The encounter catalogue. It needs a where, a when, and what happens to the person. The record gives 天山 and stops.
Three systems, three unrelated reasons, the same clause on the floor each time. A feature that no filing can take is the one result this method produces by itself, and it is what week 11 is handed.
Example 3: the creature only our system fails#
驺吾 (zōuwú) stands in 海內北經.
Specimen
驺吾
Zouwu quinquecolorum binomial assigned by this course, not by the text
- Kind
- 獸, the word the record uses
- Form
- the size of a tiger, bearing all five colours, its tail longer than its body
- Habitat
- 林氏國, in the inner north
- Use
- 乘之日行千里 — ride it a thousand 里 in a day
- Record
海內北經Within the Seas, North
林氏國有珍獸,大若虎,五采畢具,尾長于身,名曰騶吾,乘之日行千里。
In 林氏國 there is a treasure-beast, as big as a tiger, bearing all five colours, its tail longer than its body. It is called 騶吾. Ride it a thousand 里 in a day.
Called a 珍獸, a treasure-beast, which is a value and not a kind. The only entry whose most specific classification is a price.
Quoted from 山海經 (the Classic of Mountains and Seas), 四庫全書本,郭璞注 — the Siku Quanshu text with 郭璞's (Guō Pú) commentary. Interlinear notes removed; the base text is otherwise unaltered.
Week 9 found that 珍獸, treasure-beast, is a price and not a kind. File the record three ways and the pattern from Example 1 turns over.
Signification takes it immediately: what a creature is worth to whoever owns it is a meaning, and it is the most specific thing the line says. The encounter catalogue takes it immediately too — 林氏國 is the where, riding is what happens, and 日行千里, a thousand 里 in a day, is the outcome.
Ours produces an accurate card and drops both. Size by comparison, a colour count and a proportion all file correctly, so the body is not the problem. The valuation has no field, and the use has none either, because week 5 withdrew uses as characters of the creature on the grounds that a use states what a person gets. That ruling was right and this is what it costs.
Two creatures on one page, then, and the systems change sides between them. On 夔 the two external systems split. On 驺吾 they agree with each other and ours is the outlier.
Better is not a property of a system
Name the job before calling one system better. Ours answers what kind of thing is this. It is poor at what happens if I meet it, what is this for and who says so. Those are the questions week 1 chose not to ask.
A sentence of the form “system A is better than system B”, with no job named in it, is not a finding.
Example 4: a drop list whose entry is a date#
九尾狐 (jiǔwěihú) files easily everywhere.
Specimen
九尾狐
Jiuweihu anthropophagum binomial assigned by this course, not by the text
- Kind
- 獸, the word the record uses
- Form
- like a fox with nine tails, its voice an infant's
- Habitat
- 青丘之山, on the first route
- Use
- 食者不蠱 — eat it and you cannot be bewitched. It also eats people
- Record
南山經 · 南山經之首 · 青丘之山Southern Mountains · first southern section · the Green Hill
有獸焉,其狀如狐而九尾,其音如嬰兒,能食人;食者不蠱。
There is a beast there, shaped like a fox but with nine tails, and its cry is like an infant's. It can eat people. Eat it and you will not be harmed by 蠱, poisoning by witchcraft.
The edition describes this creature but never gives it this name.
The edition never calls it 九尾狐. It is an unnamed beast, fox-shaped and nine-tailed, and everything the name now carries was attached to it later.
Quoted from 山海經 (the Classic of Mountains and Seas), 四庫全書本,郭璞注 — the Siku Quanshu text with 郭璞's (Guō Pú) commentary. Interlinear notes removed; the base text is otherwise unaltered.
A fox shape and nine tails go into our inventory without argument. Signification does better still: week 9 noted that significance is exactly what later readers supplied to this creature, so the entry almost writes itself.
Week 7 is the problem. The record names no beast, and
九尾狐 is a handle attached afterwards. So what
needs filing here is not a feature at all. It is a date — which parts of the
entry stand in the line and which arrived later. Our card has no field for it,
the Physiologus has none, and the catalogue has none. The bestiary marks this
one entry unnamedInSource, which is a flag on a single record and not a
column anything else can be read against.
Run this week’s method on 九尾狐 and it returns nothing. All three systems keep the same body and drop the same missing date, so there are no opposed drop lists to compare. The method finds what systems disagree about. It is silent about what they have in common, including what they have all failed to record.
What you leave with#
Two drop lists for one creature, written before either filing is called better, and the job each system is being judged at named on the same page as the verdict.
Carry the clauses no filing could take. 帝江’s 是識歌舞 is the clearest, and 九尾狐’s missing date is the one that defeats the method rather than the systems. Week 11 leaves the 山海经 (Shānhǎijīng, the Classic of Mountains and Seas) for material nobody built these systems for, and asks which of our characters that material declines to supply.
The spec
What you bring to the session. Written so a reader can tell whether it has been met without asking you.
- you can file one creature in two systems and list what each filing dropped
- you can say which of two systems is better at a stated job, and name the job
- you can name one feature that neither system has anywhere to put
Teaching team
- Idris Fenn — tutor